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[ICAR-IVRI] VETERINARY ANATOMY ATLAS

VETERINARY ANATOMY.
FROM STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION.

A free veterinary anatomy learning platform for B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., DVM and veterinary medicine students worldwide, developed at the Veterinary Anatomy Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly—covering VCI/MSVE and international university curricula through regional anatomy, histology, embryology, comparative biomechanics, clinical notes, quizzes and revision.

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Teres Major
/// STANDARD MORPHOLOGY // MYOLOGY
📝 STANDARD DESCRIPTION:
Type: Intrinsic, Scapulohumeral (Medial)

Origin: Caudal angle and caudal border of scapula

Insertion: Teres major tuberosity on medial humerus (common with latissimus dorsi)

Function: Flexes shoulder joint and adducts limb.
📚 DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
THE CAUDAL MEDIAL FLEXOR

Located on the medial aspect just caudal to the shoulder joint, forming a functional unit with the latissimus dorsi (shared insertion).

ORIGIN SITES: Arises from the caudal angle (distal tip) and caudal border of the scapula, giving it a caudal line of pull compared to other shoulder flexors.

SYNERGISTIC INSERTION: Inserts via common tendon with latissimus dorsi on the teres major tuberosity. This combined insertion creates one of the most powerful retractor/adductor complexes in the body.

QUADRANGULAR SPACE: Forms the caudal boundary of the quadrangular space through which the axillary nerve passes. Surgical approaches to the axillary nerve or shoulder must account for teres major position.

FUNCTION: Flexes the shoulder (drawing limb forward/upward) and adducts the limb toward the body wall.

// COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

HORSE Similar position; also shares tendon with latissimus.
DOG More distinct separation from latissimus insertion.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Caudal Dislocation: Helps resist caudal displacement of humeral head; injury allows caudal 'slipping'.
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Comparative Veterinary Biomechanics

The Why of Veterinary Anatomy

Explore the hidden mechanics of why structures are present, absent or modified across domestic and wildlife species—and how each anatomical design supports movement, function and clinical practice.

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