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[ICAR-IVRI] VETERINARY ANATOMY ATLAS

VETERINARY ANATOMY.
FROM STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION.

A free veterinary anatomy learning platform for B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., DVM and veterinary medicine students worldwide, developed at the Veterinary Anatomy Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly—covering VCI/MSVE and international university curricula through regional anatomy, histology, embryology, comparative biomechanics, clinical notes, quizzes and revision.

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Deltoideus
/// STANDARD MORPHOLOGY // MYOLOGY
📝 STANDARD DESCRIPTION:
Type: Intrinsic, Scapulohumeral

Parts: Pars Scapularis (scapular spine/infraspinatus fascia) & Pars Acromialis (acromion process)

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on lateral humeral shaft

Function: Flexes shoulder joint and abducts arm.
📚 DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
THE LATERAL SHOULDER FLEXOR

Located lateral to the shoulder joint, this muscle flexes the shoulder and provides limited abduction.

TWO-PART ORIGIN:
• Pars Scapularis: Arises from the spine of the scapula and the aponeurosis covering the infraspinatus
• Pars Acromialis: Arises from the distinct acromion process of the scapula (which is prominent in ox unlike horse)

DELTOID TUBEROSITY: Inserts on this distinct lateral humeral prominences—key landmark for surgical approaches and palpation.

FUNCTIONAL ROLE: Acts during the swing phase to flex the shoulder (advance the limb) and provides minor abduction. Not primarily a weight-bearing stabilizer but assists in positioning the limb for landing.

// COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

HORSE Horse lacks distinct acromion; deltoid arises from clavicular intersection and scapular spine only.
DOG Has additional spinal and acromial heads.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Cleobrachialis Association: Often works in conjunction with distal brachiocephalicus; both insert near deltoid tuberosity.
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Comparative Veterinary Biomechanics

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Explore the hidden mechanics of why structures are present, absent or modified across domestic and wildlife species—and how each anatomical design supports movement, function and clinical practice.

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