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[ICAR-IVRI] VETERINARY ANATOMY ATLAS

VETERINARY ANATOMY.
FROM STRUCTURE TO FUNCTION.

A free veterinary anatomy learning platform for B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., DVM and veterinary medicine students worldwide, developed at the Veterinary Anatomy Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly—covering VCI/MSVE and international university curricula through regional anatomy, histology, embryology, comparative biomechanics, clinical notes, quizzes and revision.

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Brachialis
/// STANDARD MORPHOLOGY // MYOLOGY
📝 STANDARD DESCRIPTION:
Type: Intrinsic, Brachial

Origin: Proximal caudal aspect of humerus

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal radius and medial coronoid process of ulna

Function: Pure and powerful flexor of the elbow joint.
📚 DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
THE ELBOW FLEXOR PURIST

Located within the musculospiral groove of the humerus, deep to the biceps and adjacent to the radial nerve.

COURSE MECHANICS: Originates from the proximal caudal humerus, wraps around the medial aspect, and passes deep to the biceps tendon near the elbow to insert on the proximal radius and ulna.

PURE FLEXOR: Unlike the biarticular biceps, the brachialis acts only on the elbow joint, making it the 'pure' elbow flexor. It provides the actual power for rapid flexion during the swing phase of locomotion.

NEURAL SUPPLY: Primarily musculocutaneous nerve, but receives branches from the radial nerve in cattle (dual innervation pattern in some specimens).

SURGICAL CORRIDOR: Directly deep to the biceps; must be retracted to access the elbow joint capsule medially.

// COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

DOG Exclusively musculocutaneous innervation; no radial contribution.
HORSE Similar position; less bulky than biceps.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Radial Nerve Compression: Located adjacent to radial nerve in musculospiral groove; hematomas here affect both structures.
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Comparative Veterinary Biomechanics

The Why of Veterinary Anatomy

Explore the hidden mechanics of why structures are present, absent or modified across domestic and wildlife species—and how each anatomical design supports movement, function and clinical practice.

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