IVRI Anatomy
A free veterinary anatomy learning platform for B.V.Sc., M.V.Sc., DVM and veterinary medicine students worldwide, developed at the Veterinary Anatomy Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly—covering VCI/MSVE and international university curricula through regional anatomy, histology, embryology, comparative biomechanics, clinical notes, quizzes and revision.
Delicate, scroll-like bones within the nasal cavity that increase surface area for warming air and filtration.
Dorsal Nasal Concha: Formed by the first endoturbinate of the ethmoid bone. It is a single scroll.
Ventral Nasal Concha: A separate bone (maxilloturbinate) attached to the maxilla. In the ox, it is a double scroll (rolls dorsal and ventral), unlike the horse which has a single scroll dorsally.
Middle Concha: Smaller, situated between the dorsal and ventral conchae.
The ethmoidal labyrinth contains:
| OX (BOS TAURUS) | Ventral concha is double scroll. Highly vascular. 5 endoturbinates, ~18 ectoturbinates. |
| HORSE (EQUUS CABALLUS) | Ventral concha double scroll. Dorsal concha encloses large sinus. 6 endoturbinates, ~25 ectoturbinates. |
| DOG (CANIS LUPUS) | Extremely complex branching (lamellae) for macrosmatic olfaction. 7 endoturbinates, ~20 ectoturbinates. |
| PIG (SUS SCROFA) | Similar to ox; long and narrow turbinates. |
| FOWL (GALLUS DOMESTICUS) | Simplified into three cartilaginous/bony folds (rostral, middle, caudal). |
Explore the hidden mechanics of why structures are present, absent or modified across domestic and wildlife species—and how each anatomical design supports movement, function and clinical practice.
Explanation goes here.